RECOMMENDED LINKS

Babcock Inst. report on Kerry Ingredients Corp. hard-to-find data on this elusive big-food casein corporation, and Erie Foods Intl.  food reconstruction partner of Kerry Ingredients

Casein: The Economics and the Politics

Food Reconstruction Companies links, addresses & phone numbers

A 'Must' for Parents

Some Foods Make Us Hungry

Nutritional Liberation

Corp Declares Itself a Government

Side Effects of Casein

(pr. "kay-seen")

Opioid peptides encrypted in intact milk protein sequences.
Meisel H, FitzGerald RJ.
Bundesanstalt fur Milchforschung, Institut fur Chemie und
Physik, Kiel, Germany. meisel@b...
Opioid agonistic and antagonistic peptides which are inactive
within the sequence of the precursor milk proteins can be
released and thus activated by enzymatic proteolysis, for example
during gastrointestinal digestion or during food processing.
Activated opioid peptides are potential modulators of various
regulatory processes in the body. Opioid peptides can interact
with subepithelial opioid receptors or specific luminal binding
sites in the intestinal tract. Furthermore, they may be absorbed
and then reach endogenous opioid receptors.
Proc Nutr Soc 2000 Aug;59(3):373-84

Afferent signals regulating food intake.
Bray GA.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge 70808, USA. BrayGA@p...
Food intake is a regulated system. Afferent signals provide
information to the central nervous system, which is the centre
for the control of satiety or food seeking. .beta-Casomorphin, a
heptapeptide produced during the hydrolysis of casein, stimulates
food intake in experimental animals.
Diabetologia 1999 Mar;42(3):292-6


Diabetologia 1999 Aug;42(8):1032
Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cow milk:
casein variant consumption.
Elliott RB, Harris DP, Hill JP, Bibby NJ, Wasmuth HE.
Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Auckland, New
Zealand.
Previously published Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes
mellitus incidence in 0 to 14-year-old children from 10 countries
or areas was compared with the national annual cow milk protein
consumption. Countries which were selected for study had
appropriate milk protein polymorphism studies, herd breed
composition information and low dairy imports from other
countries. Total protein consumption did not correlate with
diabetes incidence (r = +0.402), but consumption of the
beta-casein A1 variant did (r = +0.726). Even more pronounced was
the relation between beta-casein (A1+B) consumption and diabetes
(r = +0.982). These latter two cow caseins yield a bioactive
peptide beta-casomorphin-7 after in vitro digestion with
intestinal enzymes whereas the common A2 variant or the
corresponding human or goat caseins do not. beta-casomorphin-7
has opioid properties including immunosuppression, which could
account for the specificity of the relation between the
consumption of some but not all beta-casein variants and diabetes
incidence.
Peptides 1998;19(2):325-31


Beta-casomorphins stimulate and enterostatin inhibits the
intake of dietary fat in rats.
Lin L, Umahara M, York DA, Bray GA.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge 70808-4124, USA.
The effects of beta-casomorphins 1-7, 1-5 and 1-4 on food
intake of rats adapted to either a high fat (HF) or high
carbohydrate (HC) diet have been studied and compared to the
effects of enterostatin. Intracerebroventricular (icv)
beta-casomorphin1-7 (beta-CM1-7) stimulated intake of HF diet in
overnight fasted rats, but beta-CM1-5 and beta-CM1-4 were
ineffective. Peripheral injection of beta-CM1-7 also increased
the intake of a high fat diet, but reduced the intake of HC diet
in satiated rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) beta-CM1-7 caused
a dose-dependent increase in the intake of HF diet, but a
dose-dependent inhibition of HC ingestion in satiated rats.
Enterostatin (ICV) inhibited the beta-CM1-7 stimulation of HF
intake, as did the general opioid antagonist naloxone. Ligand
binding studies with [3H-pro] enterostatin identified on low
affinity binding site (Kd 100nM) on a crude brain membrane
preparation. This binding was displaced by beta-CM1-7, beta-CM1-5
and beta-CM1-4. These data suggest that at high doses
enterostatin and beta-CM1-7 may interact with the same low
affinity receptor to modulate intake of dietary fat.
Biopolymers 1997;43(2):99-117

Milk protein-derived opioid receptor ligands.
Teschemacher H, Koch G, Brantl V.
Rudolf-Buchheim-Institut fur Pharmakologie,
Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Giessen, Germany.
(excerpt).... Thus, a number of milk protein fragments has
been shown to behave like opioid receptor ligands able to address
opioidergic systems in the adult's or in the neonate's organism.
With respect to the proteins, which they are derived off these
peptides have been named alpha-casein exorphins or casoxin D
(alpha-casein), beta-casomorphins or beta-casorphin
(beta-casein), casoxin or casoxin A, B, or C (k-casein),
alpha-lactorphins (alpha-lactalbumin), beta-lactorphin
(beta-lactoglobulin) or lactoferroxins (lactoferrin). Only
casoxins and lactoferroxins display antagonistic properties; the
other peptides behave like opioid receptor agonists. Most of the
information available so far has been collected about
beta-casomorphins. These peptides obviously can be released from
beta-casein in the adult's or in the neonate's organism, where
they might elicit opioid effects in the frame of a regulatory
role as "food hormones". Several synthetic beta-casomorphin
derivatives have been shown to be highly specific and potent
mu-type opioid receptor ligands which frequently have been used
as standard tools in opioid research.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1992;97(2):115-20

A naturally occurring opioid peptide from cow's milk,
beta-casomorphine-7, is a direct histamine releaser in man.
Kurek M, Przybilla B, Hermann K, Ring J.
Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich.
beta-Casomorphine-7, a naturally occurring product of cow's milk
with opiate-like activity, was studied for possible direct
histamine liberation activities in humans. It was found to cause
concentration-dependent in vitro histamine release from
peripheral leukocytes of healthy adult volunteers. Intradermal
injection of beta-casomorphine-7 induced a wheal and flare
reaction in the skin similar to histamine or codeine. Oral
pretreatment with the H1 antagonist terfenadine significantly
inhibited the skin responses to beta-casomorphine-7. The
intradermal injection of an opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone,
inhibited in vitro histamine release and skin reactions only in a
100-fold excess over beta-casomorphine-7. These findings suggest
that beta-casomorphine-7 can be regarded as a noncytotoxic,
direct histamine releaser in humans. The clinical relevance of
these findings deserves further studies.

http://www.morethansolutions.com/tmurdock/blurbs/vegscience.html